The new Life.

..It doesn't mean of changing your past oneself to another. Also not the one that improves your own for a better person. And even a no, to the feeling of reincarnation to individual that starts a new life.

waiting for employment.. hmmmm..

Case Study 1

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Case Study 1

Give an example OS (Specific) for each of the following categories of OS:

· Batch Systems

· Interactive Systems

· Real-time systems

· Hybrid Systems

· Embedded Systems

State its description and other specifications.

Include images (Optional).

Batch Systems

Emulsifying batch system (EBS)

The EBS units are suitable for both hot and cold processing for the production of mayonnaise and dressing. The internal high shear mixer ensures stable emulsion in a very short time. Low waste and quick changeover from one recipe to another due to minimal product volume and short cleaning time are the other hallmarks of the emulsifying batch system (EBS).
The heart of the EBS line is a mixing tank to which the pre-measured ingredients are added from below and in a certain order. The equipment is suitable for both hot and cold processing. The hot process is required when using warm-swelling starch for the production of a low-fat mayonnaise.
The system has other features and advantages for manufacturers who would like to venture into or to upgrade their mayonnaise and ketchup processing:
Hygienic and robust design-meets the requirements for the food industry and occupies minimum floor space
Indirect thermal treatment-for the heat processing of hot swelling starch used for the production of low-fat mayonnaise .Vacuum production-no air in the final product .
Cost saving-minimal product waste compared with continuous production.

Interactive Systems

Xerox Star

The 8010 Information System from Xerox was the first system to use a fully integrated desktop metaphor and application suite. Initially the term "Star" referred to the desktop and application software. However the system as a whole became commonly known as "The Xerox Star."

• Custom processor based on the AMD 2900 bit-sliced microcode programmable microprocessor
• 384 KB (expandable to 1.5MB) of real memory
• 10, 29 or 40 MB hard drive
• 8-inch floppy drive
• 17-inch display
• Display resolution of 1024*808 monochrome
• 2-button Mouse
• Ethernet networking
• "Pilot" operating system
• "Star" desktop software

Print servers for these systems were manufactured using the same base hardware and also ran Pilot OS. Print servers used a TTY terminal instead of a graphics display and did not include the video graphics hardware or Star desktop software. The display of the Star mimics a desk environment. Files, storage locations, and other functionality are represented as icons. At the time, graphical "icons" were a relatively new concept and term in the computer field.

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Real–Time Systems

VxWorks

VxWorks has been ported to a number of platforms and now runs on practically any modern CPU that is used in the embedded market. This includes the x86 family, MIPS, PowerPC, Freescale ColdFire, Intel i960, SH-4 and the closely related family of ARM, StrongARM and xScaleCPUs.

The key features of the current OS are:

§ Multitasking kernel with preemptive and round-robin scheduling and fast interrupt response

§ User-mode applications ("Real-Time Processes", or RTP) isolated from other user-mode applications as well as the kernel via memory protection mechanisms.

§ SMP and AMP support

§ Fast, flexible inter-process communication including TIPC

§ Error handling framework

§ Binary, counting, and mutual exclusion semaphores with priority inheritance

§ Local and distributed message queues

§ POSIX PSE52 certified conformance in user-mode execution environment^[13]

§ File systems: High Reliability File System (HRFS), FAT-based file system (DOSFS), Network File System (NFS)

§ IPv6 networking stack

§ VxSim simulator

Hybrid Systems

Khythnos Island

The Kythnos Island hybrid system plant utilizes a 100 kW PV array, a 100 kW wind turbine, and a 600 kWh battery. The entire system is connected to the existing distribution grid, which is fed by a 200 kVA diesel generator. Three 50 kVA inverters operate simultaneously delivering power into the grid. The plant is monitored by control system, which optimises the amount of renewable energy available to the grid.

Name: Kythnos Island Plant

PV system type: PV-wind-diesel hybrid system
Operate since: 1983
Rated power: 100 kW peak PV, 200 kW diesel, 100 kW wind turbine
Storage: 600 kWh battery storage
Number of modules: almost 60,000
Total PV area: 1290 m²
Module mounting: Fixed tilt
Inverter: 3 x Siemens 50 kVA
Utility interconnection: 380 V, 3 Phase, 50 Hz
Design energy output: 170,000 kWh/year

Embedded Systems

Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)

An automatic teller machine (ATM) is an electronic device which allows a bank's customers to make cash withdrawals and check their account balances at any time without the need for a human teller. Many ATMs also allow people to deposit cash or cheques, transfer money between their bank accounts or even buy postage stamps.

Most ATMs are connected to interbank network s, enabling people to withdraw and deposit money from machines not belonging to the bank where they have their account. This is a convenience, especially for people who are travelling: it is possible to make withdrawals in places where one's bank has no branches, and even to withdraw local currency in a foreign country, often at a better exchange rate than would be available by changing cash.

ATMs rely on authorization of a transaction by the card issuer or other authorizing institution via the communications network.

Case Study 2

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Case Study 2

Select two of the following professionals:

• An insurance adjuster
• A delivery person for a courier service
• A newspaper reporter
• A doctor (general practitioner)
• Manager in a supermarket

Put forward a theory about how that person might use a hand held computer in their work

Now a day, skills in computer technology becomes necessary for individuals in their daily activities. Technology functions a big role in different areas, such as studies, entertainment, work, research, and etc. Hand held computers perform an important role in the individual’s profession. It sustains the needs to deliver best performance in their services to their clients. One should acquire technical knowledge to keep on track based on the needs and wants of the clients and to sustain high competency towards its competitors

Delivery person for a courier service:

Advances in computer technology, software development, and the communications industry have provided the air courier industry with the necessary tools for efficient and timely functions related to all aspects of operations. Everything from hand-held computers, to online, real-time data systems has allowed air courier companies to communicate more effectively with ground personnel and their customers. Continued advances will bring additional automation and provide improved accuracy in delivery and billing, and improved service to the customer.

A delivery person for a courier service may use hand held computer in their work in order to keep them track and provides information where any package was at any time from pick-up to delivery. It develops fast and efficient performance in giving good services to their clients. Examples of these are PDA’S or Personal Device Assistance, mobile phones, Electronic Data Inter-change (EDI),

Manager in a supermarket:

In order to properly cater to the needs of customers, a supermarket must staff an expert, attentive management team. A supermarket manager may assume many different duties, such as supervising employees and store operations, taking inventory and ordering products, performing administrative and human resources work, or engaging in safety inspections and loss prevention. Most managers are very skilled at organizing merchandise, communicating with employees, and providing excellent customer service.

Manager’s job is to plan and direct all phases of store operation as efficiently as possible in order to achieve maximum sales and profitability. To follow company policies, develop budgets, meet sales goals, and control costs in all departments. Managers performs critical role in a supermarket they may use hand held computers in giving a good services to customers and productivity. Hand held computer provides necessary information that need to be analyzed and understood by the supermarket managers. For instance, the statistical information of sales, if the information indicates that there is a decrease of sales then managers must provide solutions based on the sales performance information given.

Case Study 3

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Case Study 3

In a multiprogramming and time-sharing environment, several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can result in various security problems. Name at least two of these problems. Can we ensure the same degree of security in a time-share machine as we have in a dedicated machine? Explain your answer

No, because since any protection scheme devised by humans
can inevitably be broken by a human, and the more complex the scheme, the more difficult it is to feel confident of its correct implementation.

This is because in which a system which is consciously intended to have certain restricted purposes or functions becomes more and more elaborate over time, and more and more of its mechanisms become obscure and hidden in their inputs and outputs. I think maybe there are some natural examples of this kind of movement towards baroque complexity. But baroque complexity dies out when it becomes actively dysfunctional within some kind of fitness landscape. Human systems can achieve this kind of opacity by accident and by intent. Accidental drift towards a system where no one really understands how cause and effect work within the system happens in institutional life all the time. Stakeholders in individual parts or aspects of a system are inclined to expand the influence or size of their mechanism. New forces or powers outside an institution are often accommodated by being incorporated within it. Procedures or heuristics used by an institution in its everyday business sometimes take on a life of their own, especially when they are incorporated into technological infrastructure and automated in some respect. Complexity happens by intent when human agents with some degree of authority over an institutional system want to block off direct access or control to some of its inner workings as a safeguard against easy tampering. It also happens when someone with an interest in a particular system believes that secrecy and confusion will instrumentally advance that interest. I think there are quite a few examples of authorities who set out to make it hard for an outsider to understand how a system or process works only to find that in making it hard for outsiders to understand, they’ve made it hard for everyone, that even people in control who thought that secrecy would conceal selectively have found that it conceals indiscriminately.

Case Study 4

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Case Study 4

Load the following jobs into memory using dynamic partition and relocatable dynamic partition: (The memory size is 220k with allocated OS for 15k).

a. Job1 (100k) f. Job6 (6k)

turnaround: 3 turnaround: 1

b. Job2 (10k) g. Job7 (25k)

turnaround: 1 turnaround: 1

c. Job3 (35k) h. Job8 (55k)

turnaround: 2 turnaround: 2

d. Job4 (15k) i. Job9 (88k)

turnaround: 1 turnaround: 3

e. Job5 (23k) j. Job10 (100k)

turnaround: 2 turnaround: 3

*turnaround – how long it will stay in the memory.

*apply compaction if only if the incoming jobs has no other block to allocate that will fit their sizes.

Relocatable Dynamic Partition


Dynamic Partition

Case Study 5

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Case Study 5

Load the following jobs into memory using fixed partition following a certain memory allocation method (a. best-fit, b. first-fit, c. worst-fit).

a. Job1 (100k) f. Job6 (6k)

turnaround: 3 turnaround: 1

b. Job2 (10k) g. Job7 (25k)

turnaround: 1 turnaround: 1

c. Job3 (35k) h. Job8 (55k)

turnaround: 2 turnaround: 2

d. Job4 (15k) i. Job9 (88k)

turnaround: 1 turnaround: 3

e. Job5 (23k) j. Job10 (100k)

turnaround: 2 turnaround: 3

*turnaround – how long it will stay in the memory.

Worst Fit

Best Fit

First Fit